Selecting Tires for Race/Street Use and Adjusting Tire Pressure to Optimize Handling

The tire you use is one of the most importantyour engine produces substantial power, you should try
suspension tuning choices you will make in building andto maximize the width of the drive wheels to make
racing your car. Even a car with a professionally-tunedsure you can get the power to the ground.
suspension will not be able to clock fast laps or handleThe third factor to consider when choosing a tire is
well on a poor quality or inappropriate set of tires. Thesidewall height. A tall sidewall flexes more than a
major performance factors to consider when choosingshorter one. Therefore, a short sidewall tire will provide
tires are compound, contact patch, and sidewall height.a more precise steering feel than a tire with a tall
A softer compound tire will have more grip but willsidewall, but using a taller sidewall makes the car feel
wear out quickly while a harder compound tire willmore forgiving and less twitchy. Also, a short sidewall
have less grip but will last for a relatively long time.tire makes the ride harsh on the street. For a
Your choice of compound is mainly affected by thededicated race car, this is obviously insignificant.
type of racing you plan to do and your budget. ForTire pressure can be adjusted to change the handling
serious racing, you will need a soft compound tire tocharacteristics of your car. By increasing tire pressure,
be competitive. If you plan to do mostly street drivingyou cause the tire profile to become more round,
and/or do not have the money to frequently replacewhich decreases the size of the contact patch. You
tires, go with a harder compound.also cause the spring rate at that corner of the car to
The second factor to consider is tire contact patch, orincrease since you are making the tire harder and,
the area where the tire makes contact with thetherefore, "bouncier" by filling it with more air. Both of
ground. You want the biggest contact patch that youthese results take away grip from the tire. If you
can get. When more of the tire is in contact with theincrease front tire pressure, the car will become tighter
ground, the tire can exert more force and allow your(added understeer), and if you increase rear tire
car to achieve higher cornering speeds.pressure, the car will be looser (added oversteer).
The contact patch is determined by the width of theLowering tire pressure causes the tire to sag, which
tire and the tread pattern that is on the tire. (Usually theincreases the size of the contact patch. In addition, it
width provided in the tire specifications is the overalldecreases the effective spring rate at that corner of
width, or section width, of the tire, not the width of thethe car and makes the tire rise in temperature. The
actual part of the tire that touches the ground.additional rolling drag (or friction) produced by the
However, some manufacturers will provide the actualsagging of the tire is responsible for the temperature
width of the contact patch, which should be slightlychange. These factors provide the tire with more grip.
smaller than the overall width of the tire.) If the tire hasIf you decrease pressure in the front tires, the car
very little tread, the contact patch will be larger (sincebecomes looser, and if you decrease pressure in the
there are fewer gaps on the tire surface for therear tires, the car becomes tighter. The temperature
tread), and the tire will have more grip. A tire with noincrease may be desired if it will allow the tire to heat
tread, used only for racing, is called a slick. Slicks willup to recommended operating temperature. However,
maximize your car's cornering ability but are illegal andoverheating the tire can lead to loss of grip, "chunking"
dangerous on the street. As a rule of thumb, if you(large pieces of rubber tearing off the tire), and
plan to drive on the street, use a tire with at least threegenerally faster tire wear. Before making any tire
vertical treads. These are often referred to aspressure adjustments, find out the recommended
semi-slick tires.minimum and maximum pressures for your tire from
You can use your choice of tire width to change thethe manufacturer. Also, experiment with tire pressures
handling characteristics of your car. For instance, ifby changing them in small increments until you find the
your car tends to understeer, you can increase theideal setup.
width of the front tires to improve front grip. Also, if